名称:经济学人风格指南(The Economist Style Guide 11th)英文原版
作者:The Economist
出版社:Profile Books Ltd
格式:PDF
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经济学人风格指南(The Economist Style Guide 11th)英文原版内容简介
《经济学人风格指南》通篇都可看到对写作清晰度的着重强调,并常用警告与简洁意见等方式来反对使用不清晰的流行术语,比如说,“避免用 venues,而是用 places”、“ viable 义为生活能力,但不要把它应用于类似铁路线的事物上,经济上 viable 的意思是有利润的”、“factoid 指听起来像是真的的事物,但可能是因为太常被重复的关系,许多人把它当成真的”。倘若你正写基金申请书、文章、报告,或是任何有广泛读者群的写作,那么《经济学人风格指南》会是你的写作良伴。
经济学人风格指南(The Economist Style Guide 11th)英文原版部分内容
Clear writing is the key to clear thinking. So think what you want to say, then say it as simply as possible. That's the thinking that underpins this much-loved guide, and the mantra for anyone wanting to communicate with the clarity, style and precision for which The Economist is renowned. The Economist Style Guide guides the reader through the pleasures and pitfalls of English usage. It offers advice on the consistent use of punctuation, abbreviations and capital letters, identifies common errors and cliches and contains an exhaustive range of reference material - covering everything from business ratios to mathematical symbols and common Latin phrases. It also tackles the key differences between British and American English. But this is no ordinary guide to English usage. It has a wit, verve and flair which make it much more than a simple work of reference. Here are just some examples: - anticipate does not mean expect. Jack and Jill expected to marry; if they anticipated marriage, only Jill might find herself expectant. - Take care with between. To fall between two stools, however painful, is grammatically acceptable. To fall between the cracks is to challenge the laws of physics. - critique is a noun. If you want a verb, try criticise. - use words with care. If This door is alarmed, does its hair stand on end? The Economist Style Guide is required reading for anyone who wants to communicate with style.
读者感兴趣的主要是你要说的内容。你的写作方式将鼓励读者继续读下去,或者放弃。如果你希望他们继续读下去,那么:
不要写得古板无趣。哈兹利特说,“要写出真正地道的英国风格,文章就应该和一个人日常讲话一样,他可以随心所欲的选择说话的字眼,他可以用轻松,有力,简明的风格发表演讲。”
从日常生活语言中挑选用词,而不要和发言人,律师,或官僚说话一样(所以,let好过permit,people好过persons,buy好过purchase,colleague好过peer ,way out好过exit,present好过gift,rich好过wealthy,show好过demonstrate,break 好过violate)。那些炫耀的,浮华的,长得喘不过气来的言辞,要么词不达意,要么空洞无物:舍弃这种词汇,使用朴素的词语。
不要盛气凌人,傲慢自大。那些不赞同你的观点的人并非都是蠢材或疯子。没必要把谁描述成愚蠢:用你的分析表明这一点足矣。当你表达你的观点时,不要妄下断言。你不仅要告诉读者你的想法,而且还要说服他们认可你的想法。通过论证,推理,列举证据,你可以得到认同。慎用“必须(oughts)”和”应当(shoulds)“。
不要太自鸣得意。不要告诉读者你曾经准确的预测了什么,或者说你有独家内幕,以此炫耀你的聪明。你这样不仅不会打动读者,反而容易让他们厌烦。
不要喋喋不休。老是说“令人惊异”会让人恼火,不如直接提供信息;同样的还有“呵呵”,在句子中间加上一个“wait for it 等着瞧”,等等。
不要太说教。如果很多句子都用这些词开头:Compare 相较于,Consider考虑到,Expect 期待,Imagine 设想,Look at 考察,Note 留意,Prepare for 准备好,Remember 切记或Take ,读者会认为他们在看一本教科书(或者是一本关于写作风格的书),这恐怕很难说服他们续订杂志。
尽最大可能,保持清晰(“我只信奉一个原则:清晰”-- 司汤达)。使用简单句型,尽量减少复杂的句式结构和噱头。请记住《纽约客》的批评:“从后往前顺句子,直到绕昏你的脑袋。”(原译者注:《纽约客》杂志著名编辑Gribbs在1936年写了一篇文章讽刺《时代》杂志喜欢使用倒装的叙事结构,这就是其中最著名的一句话。)
下面这封读者来信颇有讽诫意义:
尊敬的阁下:有时《经济学人》文章中的一句话就能让我们乐上几个小时,比如:“Yet German diplomats in Belgrade failed to persuade their government that it was wrong to think that the threat of international recognition of Croatia and Slovenia would itself deter Serbia.”
我是贵刊的老读者,我从过往的阅读中总结出使用英语的两条经验:第一,写一个双重否定句很容易,但读懂它很难。第二,unless the description of an event which is considered to be not without consequence includes a double or higher-order negative, then it cannot be disproven that the writer has neglected to eliminate other interpretations of the event which are not satisfactory in light of other possibly not unrelated events which might not have occurred at all. (读者请试译之,呵呵)
根据上述原因,我并没有忽视您时常提醒我不要忘了续费的提示。当然不能认为我是一位不快乐的读者。
——威拉德·邓宁
马克·吐温描述过一个好的作者应该怎样对待句子:“有时候,他也可以纵容自己写个长句,但他应该确保句子没有层叠,没有含糊不清,没有插入语,整体和谐一致。当他完成时,句子不应该象一条一半身子藏在水下的海蛇,它应该象一个火把游行队伍一样清晰可见。”
长段落和长句子一样,让读者迷惑。福勒说:“段落是思想表达的基础单元,无关长度。段落的内容应该主题一致,意思连贯。”少用一句话的段落。
思路清晰是文字清晰的关键。奥威尔认为,“一位严谨的作者在写每个句子时,都会问自己四个问题:我打算说什么?我用什么词来表达它?什么比喻或者成语可以让它更清晰?这个比喻是否给力,是否可以打动读者?然后他还会再问自己两个问题:我可以把它写得更简短一些吗?我写了什么很丑陋的东西吗?”
严谨的作者将会发现,他们的作品将很少被编辑改动,更可能被发表,更易为人们所阅读。
参考: 英文 基金
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